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- Answer: (C) Upper Lateral Wall of Right Atrium
- Explanation: The sinoatrial (SA) node is a small, specialized region of tissue located in the upper right atrium of the heart. It acts as the primary pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat.
(A) 250-350 GM
(B) 250-300 GM
(C) 350-450 GM
(D) 300-400 GM
Correct Anser (D) 300-400 grams.
(A)Bundie Of HIS
(B) SA Node
(C) AV Node
(D) Purkinje Fibers
- Answer: (B) SA Node
- Explanation: The SA node is the “natural pacemaker” because it generates the fastest rate of depolarization compared to other parts of the cardiac conduction system. This rapid depolarization sets the pace for the entire heartbeat.
- Answer: (A) 4
- Explanation: The four borders of the heart are:
- Superior border: Formed by the atria and the roots of the great vessels (aorta, pulmonary trunk)
- Right border: Formed by the right atrium
- Left border: Formed by the left ventricle and a small area of the left atrium
- Inferior border: Formed by both right and left ventricles
- Answer: (B) 0.8 sec
- Explanation: The cardiac cycle is the complete sequence of events in a single heartbeat. In a typical, resting adult heart rate, a single cycle takes about 0.8 seconds.
(A) 5.5 L/Min
(B) 5 L/Min
(C) 5.25 L/Min
(D) 5.35 L/Min
- Answer: (C) 5.25 L/min
- Explanation
- Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.
- Formula: CO = Stroke volume (SV) x Heart rate (HR)
- Calculation:
- SV = 70 ml/beat
- HR = 75 beats/min
- CO = 70 ml/beat x 75 beats/min = 5250 ml/min
- Convert to liters: 5250 ml/min / 1000ml/L ≈ 5.25 L/min
(A) Ventricular Depolarization
(B) Atrial Repolarization
(C) Atrial Depolarization
(D) Atrial Repolarization
- Answer: (D) Atrial Depolarization
- Explanation: This question is a little tricky. The right atrioventricular opening is protected by the tricuspid valve. The opening and closing of this valve is NOT directly caused by atrial depolarization. However, atrial depolarization (contraction) does lead to an increase in pressure that contributes to the opening of the tricuspid valve.
- Answer: (C) Myocardium
- Explanation: The muscular wall of the heart is called the myocardium. It’s made of specialized cardiac muscle tissue responsible for the heart’s contractions.
- Answer: (A) Superior Vena Cava
- Explanation
- Superior vena cava: Drains deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs
- Inferior vena cava: Drains deoxygenated blood from the lower body
- Answer: (B) Generates the highest number of action potentials conducting system
- Explanation: The cells in the SA node spontaneously depolarize faster than other areas of the conduction system. This means they can set the pace of the heartbeat without external input.
- Answer: (C) CO = HR x SV
- Explanation: As explained earlier, Cardiac Output (CO) is the product of Stroke Volume (SV) and Heart Rate (HR).
- Answer: (C) Walls of Left Atrium and left Ventricle.
- Explanation: The circumflex branch is one of the three main branches of the left coronary artery. It supplies blood to the lateral and posterior walls of the left atrium and ventricle.
- Answer: (A) Left ventricle
- Explanation: The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the entire body. This requires a strong muscular wall to generate enough force for efficient blood flow. Therefore, the left ventricle has the thickest wall compared to other chambers.
- Answer: (B) Ventricular Diastole
- Explanation: The “lubb” sound is the first heart sound, which occurs when the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) close at the beginning of ventricular diastole (relaxation).
- Answer: (B) Pericardium
- Explanation: The pericardium is a double-layered sac made of fibrous tissue (outer layer) and serous membrane (inner layer). It surrounds the heart, providing support, protection, and lubrication.
- Answer: (B) The Amount of Blood Ejected from lt Ventricle
- Explanation: As mentioned earlier, cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle per minute.
- Answer: (D) Closing Of Semilunar Valves
- Explanation: The “dupp” sound is the second heart sound, which occurs when the semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) close at the end of ventricular systole (contraction).
- Answer: (A) Aorta
- Explanation: The aorta originates from the left ventricle and is the largest artery in the human body. It carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
- Answer: (D) SA Node, AV Node, Bundle Of HIS, Bundle Branche, Purkinji Fibers
- Explanation: This sequence represents the flow of electrical impulses through the intrinsic conduction system of the heart:
- SA Node: Initiates the impulse
- AV Node: Delays the impulse to allow proper filling of the ventricles
- Bundle of His: Conducts the impulse rapidly down into the ventricles
- Bundle Branches: Divide the impulse into the left and right bundle branches
- Purkinji Fibers: Spread the impulse quickly throughout the ventricular myocardium, causing coordinated contraction
(A)Right Atrium And Left Ventricle
(B)Right And Left Ventricle
(C)Left Ventricle and Aorta
(D)Left Atrium And Left ventricle
- Answer: (D) Left Atrium And Left ventricle
- Explanation: The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It prevents blood from flowing back from the ventricle to the atrium during ventricular systole.
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