Every Medical Students should have this basic knowledge. Read this article atleast 2 to 3 times. To remember things properly.
This post is full of knowledge related to medical system. BAMS(Ayurveda), BHMS(homoeopathy),BUMS(unani),BNMS(naturopathy), and MBBS students can share this post with there medicos to help them. Few prefixes for your ready reference and understanding.
Prefix – Meaning
*1. Adeno* – Glandular
*2. An* – Not
*3. Anti* – Against
*4. Aorto* – Aorta
*5. Artho* – joint
*6. Bleph* – Eyelid
*7. Broncho* – Bronchi
*8. Cardio* – Heart
*9. Cephal* – Head
*10. Cerebro* – Brain
*11. Cervico* – Cervix
*12. Cholecysto* – Gall Bladder
*13. Coli* – Bowel
*14. Colpo* – Vagina
*15. Entero* – Intestine
*16. Gastro* – Stomach
*17. Glosso* – Tongue
*18. Haema* – Blood
*19. Hepa* – Liver
*20. Hystero* – Uterus
*21. Laryngo* – Larynx
*22. Leuco* – White
*23. Metro* – Uterus
*24. Myelo* – Spinal cord
*25. Myo* – Muscle
*26. Nephro* – Kidney
*27. Neuro* – Nerve
*28. Odonto* – Tooth
*29. Orchido* – Testis
*30. Osteo* – Bone
*31. Oto* – Ear
*32. Pharyngo* – Pharynx
*33. Pio* – Pus
*34. Pneumo* – Lung
*35. Ren* – Kidney
*36. Rhin* – Nose
*37. Spleno* – Spleen
*38. Thyro* – Thyroid Gland
*39. Urethro* – Urethra
*40. Vesico* – Bladder
Suffixes used in Medical terminology
Here are the suffixes used in Medical terminology. Check out!
Suffix – Meaning
*1. -aemia* : Blood
*2. -algia* : Pain
*3. -derm* : skin
*4. -dynia* : pain
*5. -ectomy* : removal
*6. -Itis* : inflammation
*7. -lithiasis* : Presence of Stone
*8. -malacia* : softening
*9. -oma* : tumour
*10. -opia* : eye
*11. -osis* : Condition,excess
*12. -otomy* : incision of
*13. -phobia* : fear
*14. -plasty* : surgery
*15. -plegia* : peralysis
*16. -ptosis* : falling
*17. -rhoea* : excessive discharge
*18. -rhage* : to burst forth
*19. -rhythmia* : rhythm.
*20. -stasis* : stoppage of movement
*21. -sthenia* : weakness
*22. -stomy* : outlet
*23. -tomy* : removal
*24. -trophy* : nourishment
*25. -uria* : urine
Compounded Words – Meaning
*1. Anaemia* – Deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood
*2. Analgesic* – Medicine which alleviates pain
*3. Arthralgia* – Pain in a joint
*4. Cephalalgia* – Headache
*5. Nephralgia* – Pain in the kidney
*6. Neuralgia* – Nerve pain
*7. Myalgia* – Muscle pain
*8. Otalgia* – Ear ache
*9. Gastralgia* – Pain in the stomach
*10. Pyoderma* – Skin infection with pus formation
*11. Leucoderma* – Defective skin pigmentaion
*12. Hysterodynia* – Pain in the uterus
*13. Hysterectomy* – Excision of the uterus
*14. Nephrectomy* – Excision of a kidney
*15. Adenectomy* – Excision of a gland
*16. Cholecystectomy* – Excision of gall bladder
*17. Thyroidectomy* – Excision of thyroid gland
*18. Arthritis* – Inflammation of a joint
*19. Bronchitis* – Inflammation of the bronchi
*20. Carditis* – Inflammation of the heart
*21. Cervicitis* – Inflammation of the cervix
*22. Colitis* – Inflammation of the colon
*23. Colpitis* – Inflammation of the vagina
*24. Cystitis* – Inflammation of the urinary bladder
*25. Enteritis* – Inflammation of the intestines
*26. Gastritis* – Inflammation of the stomach
*27. Glossitis* – Inflammation of the tongue
*28. Hepatitis* – Inflammation of the liver
*29. Laryngitis* – Inflammation of the larynx
*30. Metritis* – Inflammation of the uterus
*31. Myelitis* – Inflammation of the spinal cord
*32. Nephritis* – Inflammation of the kidney
*33. Pharyngitis* – Inflammation of the pharynx
*34. Blepharitis* – Inflammation of the eyelids
*35. Cholelithiasis* – Stone in the gall bladder
*36. Nephrolithiasis* – Stone in the kidney
*37. Osteomalacia* – Softening of bones through deficiency of calcium or D vitamin
*38. Adenoma* -Benign tumour of glandular tissue
*39. Myoma* – Tumour of muscle
*40. Diplopia* – Double vision
*41. Thrombosis* – Formation of a blood clot
*42. Pyloromyotomy* – Incision of pyloric sphincter muscle
*43. Hedrophobia* – Fear of water(Rabies in humans)
*44. Neuroplasty* – Surgical repair of nerves
*45. Pyloraplasty* – Incision of plastic pylorus to widen passage
*46. Hemiplegia* – Paralysis of one side of the body
Common Medical Abbreviations
> *Rx* = Treatment
> *Hx* = History
> *Dx* = Diagnosis
> *q* = Every
> *qd* = Every day
> *qod* = Every other day
> *qh* = Every Hour
> *S* = without
> *SS* = One & half
> *C* = With
> *SOS* = If needed
> *AC* = Before Meals
> *PC* = After meals
> *BID* = Twice a Day
> *TID* = Thrice a Day
> *QID* = Four times a day
> *OD* = Once a Day
> *BT* = Bed Time
> *hs* = Bed Time
> *BBF* = Before Breakfast
> *BD* = Before Dinner
> *Tw* = Twice a week
> *SQ* = sub cutaneous
> *IM* = Intramuscular
> *ID* = Intradermal
> *IV* = Intravenous
> *Q4H* = (every 4 hours)
> *QOD* = (every other day)
> *HS* = (at bedtime)
> *PRN* = (as needed)
> *PO or “per os”* (by mouth)
> *Mg* = (milligrams)
> *Mcg/ug* = (micrograms)
> *G or Gm* = (grams)
> *1TSF* (Teaspoon) = 5 ml
> *1 Tablespoonful* =15ml
~ *DDx* =differential Diagnosis
*Tx* =Treatment
*RTx* =Radiotherapy
*CTx* =Chemotherapy
*R/O* =rule out
*s.p* =status post
*PMH(x)* =post medical history
*Px* =Prognosis
*Ix* =Indication
*CIx* =contraindication
*Bx* =biopsy
*Cx* =complication…
Knowledge About Blood
1. Which is known as ‘River of Life’?
*Answer: Blood*
2. Blood circulation was discovered by?
*Answer: William Harvey*
3. The total blood volume in an adult?
*Answer: 5-6 Litres*
4. The pH value of Human blood?
*Answer: 7.35-7.45*
5. The normal blood cholesterol level?
*Answer: 150-250 mg/100 ml*
6. The fluid part of blood?
*Answer: Plasma*
7. Plasma protein fibrinogen has an active role in?
*Answer: Clotting of blood*
8. Plasma protein globulins functions as?
*Answer: Antibodies*
9. Plasma proteins maintain the blood pH?
*Answer: Albumins*
10. Biconcave discs shaped blood cell?
*Answer: RBC* (Erythrocytes)
*11. Non nucleated blood cell?*
*Answer: RBC* (Erythrocytes)
12. Respiratory pigments present in RBC?
*Answer: Haemoglobin*
13. Red pigment present in RBC?
*Answer: Haemoglobin*
14. RBC produced in the?
*Answer: Bone marrow*
15. Iron containing pigment of Haemoglobin?
*Answer: Haem*
16. Protein containing pigment of Haemoglobin?
*Answer: Globin*
17. Graveyard of RBC?
*Answer: Spleen*
18. Blood bank in the body?
*Answer: Spleen*
19. Life span of RBC?
*Answer: 120 Days*
20. Total count is measured by an instrument known as?
*Answer: Haemocytometer*
21. A decrease in RBC count is known as?
*Answer: Anemia*
22. An increase in RBC count is known as?
*Answer: Polycythemia*
23. A high concentration of bilirubin in the blood causes?
*Answer: Jaundice*
24. The disease resistant blood cell?
*Answer: WBC (leucocytes)*
25. Which WBC is known as soldiers of the body?
*Answer: Neutrophils*
26. Largest WBC?
*Answer: Monocyes*
27. Smallest WBC?
*Answer: Lymphocytes*
28. Antibodies producing WBC?
*Answer: Lymphocytes*
29. Life span of WBC?
*Answer: 10-15 days*
30. Blood cell performs an important role in blood clotting?
*Answer: Thrombocytes (Platelets)*
31. Vessels is called?
*Answer: Thrombus*
32. Anticoagulant present in Blood?
*Answer: Heparin*
33. A hereditary bleeding disease?
*Answer: Haemophilia*
34. Bleeder’s disease?
*Answer: Haemophilia*
35. Christmas disease?
*Answer: Haemophilia*
36. A type of Anemia with sickle shaped RBC?
*Answer: Sickle cell anemia*
37. Viscosity of Blood?
*Answer: 4.5 to 5.5*
38. Instrument used to measure haemoglobin?
*Answer: Haemoglobinometer*
39. Who demonstrated blood groups?
*Answer: Karl Landsteiner*
40. Who demonstrated Rh factor?
*Answer: Karl Landsteiner*
41. Blood group which is called Universal donor?
*Answer: O*
42. Blood group which is called Universal recipient?
*Answer: AB*
43. Blood group is most common among the Asians?
*Answer: B*
Most Important Information
CBC: :complete blood count
CP: :complete picture of blood
CXR: : X-ray chest (PA view)
BT : : bleeding time
CT : : clotting time
LFT : liver function test
AST : :aspartate aminotransferase @(sgot)
ALT : :alanie aminotransferase@ (sgpt)
SGOT : : serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
SGPT : : serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
ALP : : alkaline phosphatase
ALT : alanine aminotransferase
GGT: :gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
GGT: : gamma glutamile transpeptidase
GTT: : glucose tolerance test
LDH: : lactae dehydrogenase
PT: : prothrombing time
INR: : international normalized ratio/rate
CCK: :cholecystokinin
AF : : atrial fibrillation
AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
AKA : alcoholic ketoacidosis
ALL : acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
AMI : acute myocardial infarction
ARF : acute renal failure
HTN : : high/ blood pressure,@hyper tension
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft
CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia
CCF: congestive cardiac failure
CF: cystic fibrosis
CHD: coronary heart disease
CNS: central nervous system
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure
CRF: chronic renal failure
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
CT: computer mography
CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
CVD: cardiovascular disease
DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis
DU: duodenal ulcer
DVT: deep vein thrombosis
ECG: electrocardiography/ or cardiogram
EEG: electroencephalogram
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD: end-stage renal disease
FPG: fasting plasma glucose
GIT: gastrointestinal tract
GU: gastric ulcer
GvHD: graft versus host disease
HAV: hepatitis A virus
HBV: hepatitis B virus
Hcg: human chorionic gonadotrophin @ PT : :pregnancy test (by urine)
HAV : : hepatitis A virus
HBV @ HBs Ag hepatitise B antigen
HCV hepatitis: C virus
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
HNA: heparin neutralising activity
ICH: intracranial haemorrhage
IDA: iron deficiency anaemia
IDDM: insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus
IFG: impaired fasting glucose
IGT : impaired glucose tolerance
IHD: ischaemic heart disease
Ig: immunoglobulin
IM: intramuscular
INR: international normalized ratio
ITU: intensive therapy unit
IV: intravenous
IVU: intravenous urogram
K: : potassium
KUB: kidney, ureter, bladder (x-ray)/ U-S
LBBB: left bundle branch block
LCM: left costal margin
LFTs: liver function tests
LIF: left iliac fossa
LUQ: left upper quadrant
LVF: left ventricular failure
LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy
MC&S: microscopy, culture & sensitivity
MCH: mean cell haemoglobin
MI: myocardial infarction
Min: minutes
MPD: myeloproliferative disease
MRI : magnetic resonance imaging
MS : multiple sclerosis or mass spectroscopy
Na: : sodium
Ca : : calcium
NaCl: sodium chloride
OA : osteo arthritis
RA : : rheumatoid arthritis
OCP: oral contraceptive pill
PACWP; pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure
PAD: peripheral arterial disease
PaO2: partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood
PB: peripheral blood
PBC : primary biliary cirrhosis
PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention
PCL: plasma cell leukaemia
PE: pulmonary embolism
PR: per rectum
PV : : per vagina
PV: plasma volume
RAS: renal angiotensin system or renal artery stenosis
RBBB: right bundle branch block
RBCs: red blood cells
RCC: red blood cell count
Rh: Rhesus (monkey)
RIF: right iliac fossa
RUQ: right upper quadrant
SC: subcutaneous
SDH: subdural haemorrhage
SOB: shortness of breath
SM: smooth muscle
SVC : superior vena cava
SVCO: superior vena caval obstruction
SXR: skull x-ray
T°: temperature
t1/2: half-life
T4: thyroxine
TA: temporal arteritis
TB: tuberculosis
TFT: thyroid function test
TIAs: transient ischaemic attacks
TPO: thyroid peroxidase
TRAB: thyrotropin receptor antibodies
TSH : thyroid-stimulating hormone
TT: thrombin time
u/U: units
UC: ulcerative colitis
U&E: urea and electrolytes
UCE: : urea creatinine & electrolytes
URTI: upper respiratory tract infection
UTI: urinary tract infectio
USS: ultrasound scan
VIII: C factor VIII clotting activity
*MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY*
Everybody should know the basic functioning of Human Body and its main parts in order to express and explain their ailment to the Doctor and at the same time one should be able to understand the diagnosis expressed by the Doctor in the medical terminology. For easy recognition of the Compounded Words used in the Medical Terminology for naming the disease, Suffixes are added to Prefixes.
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