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(A)lithium
(B)Diazepam
(C)Peniciline
(D)Paracetamol
A) lithium often fall into this category.
(A)Kidney
(B)Breast Milk, Saliva, Sweet and Bile
(C)Intestine
(D)All of teh Above
(A) kidney (urine), but other pathways like (B) breast milk, saliva, sweat, and bile can also play a role.
(A)Median Effect of a drug
(B)Maximum Effect of the drug
(C)Threshold Effect of drug
(D)No effect at all
(B) maximum effect a drug can produce under ideal conditions, regardless of factors like dosage or individual differences.
(A)Lipophyllic
(B)Prtein Bound
(C)Hydrophullic
(D)Ionized
(A) Lipophilic (fat-soluble) drugs generally pass through membranes more readily due to their similar properties.
(A)Rectal
(B)Intramuscular
(C)Oral
(D)Intravenous
(D) Intravenous (IV) administration directly delivers the drug into the bloodstream, resulting in complete absorption.
(A)The Fraction of the Administered Dose Reaching the liver
(B)The Fraction of the Administered Dose Reaching The Gut
(C)The Fraction of the Administered Dose Reaching The tissue
(D)The Fraction of the Administered Dose Reaching The Circulation
(D) fraction of the administered dose reaching systemic circulation and available to exert its intended effect.
(A)There is a narrow Gap Between Therapeutic Dose and Toxic Dose
(B)There is A wide Gap Between Therapeutic Dose and Toxic Dose
(C)There is No Gap Between Therapeutic Dose and Toxic Dose
(D)None of the Above
(B) wide gap between the therapeutic dose and the toxic dose, indicating a lower risk of adverse effects.
(A)Lipophylic
(B)Non-ionized
(C)Hydrophyllic
(D)Hydrophobic
(C) hydrophilic (water-soluble) drugs, into the brain.
(A)LD100/ED100
(B)E100/LD100
(C)LD50/ED50
(D)ED50/LD50
(D) ED50 (median effective dose) divided by LD50 (median lethal dose). A higher ratio indicates a wider margin of safety.
(A)Sulfation
(B)Acetylation
(C)Glucoronidation
(D)Amino-Acid Conjugation
(C) Glucuronidation is a frequent conjugation reaction during this phase, where the drug is attached to a glucuronic acid molecule, facilitating excretion.
(A)Extracellular
(B)Cellular
(C)Intracellular
(D)All of the Above
- (A) Extracellular: Acting outside the cell, often binding to receptors on the cell surface.
- (B) Cellular: Affecting processes within the cell, sometimes by interacting with intracellular components.
- (C) Intracellular: Reaching their target site within a specific cell compartment, like the nucleus or mitochondria.
- Corerct Answer: (D) All of the Above
(A)Multivitamin
(B)Calcium
(C)Lactose
(D)Iron
(C) Lactose is a common inactive ingredient in placebos
(A)Drug Distribution
(B)Effects of drugs
(C)Drugs side effects
(D)All of the above
(D) drug distribution, effects of drugs, and drug side effects.
(A)Through Receptors
(B)By Chemical Interaction
(C)By Inhibiting Enzymes
(D)By Physical Property
(D) physical property, not by binding to receptors, inhibiting enzymes, or chemical interaction.
(A)Antibody Production
(B)Increase Cell Mediated Immunity
(C)Promote Phagocytosis
(D)Both A and B
(D) both produce antibodies and increase cell-mediated immunity, providing protection against specific infectious diseases.
(A)Affinity
(B)Potency
(C)Efficacy
(D)Toxicity
(C) produce a maximal response at its receptor, regardless of its binding affinity.
(A)Efficacy
(B)Affinity
(C)Both of tha above
(D)None of the Above
Q17: This question inquires about antagonist drugs. They bind to receptors but (D) lack efficacy, meaning they block the binding of agonists (drugs that produce a response) and prevent the intended effect.
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Pharmacology module 1 answer key